THE ROLE OF SATELLITE CHANNELS IN FORMING TRAFFIC AWARENESS AND PREVENTING ACCIDENTS - A FIELD STUDY

The importance of the research comes from dealing with the problem of lack of traffic awareness, which causes accidents and the occurrence of human and material losses, and the research aims to study the role of satellite channels in forming traffic awareness among the public, and a sample was chosen from Baghdad consisting of (280) individuals, male and female, and used the questionnaire tool. To obtain the data, which included several questions, the results were analyzed statistically and several results were reached, the most important of which is that there is an interest among the public in following traffic programs at a rate of one to two hours to receive information through traffic programs and to identify and apply general rules, and it was found that there is a statistically significant correlation between the extent of follow-up. The sample is for traffic programs and the extent to which satellite channels spread traffic awareness among individuals, and there is a significant correlation between the sample's intensity of watching traffic programs and the level of obtaining information about traffic awareness from television, and there are differences between the sample averages towards the role of satellite channels in spreading traffic awareness.


INTRODUCTION
Awareness is one of the most important jobs carried out by the media in various fields, and it is concerned with providing news and topics to the receiving audience. Therefore, the media undertakes a social responsibility to spread traffic awareness among the public, which is the subject of research by presenting a field study of a sample of the community in order to identify the level of traffic awareness and the role of satellite channels in its development.

FIRST: METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH RESEARCH PROBLEM
The research problem can be identified by asking the question: What is the role of satellite TV in forming traffic awareness and preventing accidents? And the following subquestions: What are the levels of traffic awareness of the audience receiving the traffic satellite programs? What is the role played by satellite channels in spreading traffic knowledge? How well does the sample follow up on TV traffic programs? What are the causes of traffic accidents? What are the methods that contribute to spreading traffic awareness?

RESEARCH IMPORTANCE
The importance of the research lies in dealing with one of the important problems and issues after the increasing number of traffic accidents and the resulting human and material losses that negatively affect the development and development of society, so the importance is to spread traffic awareness, which is one of the important concepts that require further research and study Also, this research is an attempt to spread awareness, education and guidance by shedding light on the role of the media, especially television, and the research deals with this topic with a scientific treatment that contributes to awareness and reduces traffic accidents that occur as a result of lack of awareness and perception of traffic instructions and laws, and linking the role of television programs to traffic awareness With the audience. SEARCH OBJECTIVES 1. Knowing the extent of traffic awareness among the public. 3. Clarify the extent of the sample's follow-up to TV traffic programs. 4. Knowing the extent to which the public depends on satellite channels to obtain traffic information. 5. Determine the causes of traffic accidents. 6. Determining the means of spreading traffic awareness. SEARCH HYPOTHESES 1. There are differences in the demographic characteristics of the sample towards watching TV traffic programs. 2. There is a significant correlation between the sample's intensity of watching traffic programs and the level of obtaining information about traffic awareness from television. 3. There are differences between the sample averages in the role of satellite channels in spreading traffic awareness.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The descriptive survey method was used, which is the most appropriate method for research to obtain information to study the phenomenon, its characteristics and characteristics.

RESEARCH COMMUNITY AND SAMPLE
The research community is represented in the center and outskirts of Baghdad. An intentional sample was taken from vehicle drivers, and the sample consisted of (280) individuals, males and females with different characteristics.

SEARCH TOOL
The observation tool was used with the aim of obtaining information on the characteristics of the research sample, the factors affecting it, and following up on television programs that pertain to traffic. The questionnaire form tool that was presented to the experts, was modified and distributed by (280) forms ready for analysis.

SEARCH LIMITS
Spatial domain: The spatial domain is determined by the most urgent in the city of Baghdad, the periphery and the center. The temporal domain: The temporal domain of slaughter is determined in the period 1/1/2020 -31/12/2020.

VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY TEST
The apparent validity of the questionnaire was tested by presenting it to specialized professors who gave their scientific observations that were evaluated from the questionnaire questions and were finalized. Stability was tested using (Alpha Cronbach(, and the stability factor was (80.5).

STATISTICAL METHODS
Use the statistical program spss in analyzing the results of the questionnaire. It used the test factor chi, the Pearson factor test, the ANOVA test and the Alpha Cronbach test for the stability of the test. Sample traffic television programs: The Safety Way Program: A weekly program that will be shown on Afaq satellite channel, which will be shown on Wednesday at 7 pm Traffic pause program: a weekly program that is shown on the Iraqi satellite channel.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
Role: A role is defined as being related to specific attitudes, specific behaviors, and the position of the individual through the job he performs in society (Shabani, 2006). Satellite TV: They are channels broadcast from the satellite network whose paths are defined at a certain angle that transmit signals in specific directions as they rotate around the earth (Abdul Nabi, 2010).
Consciousness: Consciousness is defined as the state in which a person's mental state is aware of his natural surroundings through the senses possessed by the perceptions and the senses possessed by the person (Khadour, 2007).
Traffic accidents: are the damages resulting from a collision between one vehicle and another, or vehicles and public property, which leads to slight or large material and moral losses that may lead to human life as a result of deviation from the road or failure to abide by traffic rules , which is a field study aimed at knowing the role of the media in increasing traffic awareness and avoiding accidents, and identifying differences in demographic data in the level of awareness. The sample is from 200 respondents using a simple random sampling method. The study yielded a set of results, the most prominent of which is the positive role of the media in increasing traffic awareness, and that there are differences in the sample's attitudes towards the role of the media in traffic awareness.

THEORTICAL FRAMEWORK
Satellite television channels are characterized as an effective means of influencing the audience due to the advantages they receive in terms of image and sound, keeping up with events in the world at the fastest possible speed, in addition to the persuasive and influential ability.
The media plays an important role in awareness, as it is one of the basic functions that the media performs due to the distinct characteristics that it possesses, and through the days of its role in achieving social responsibility towards society and developing individuals' sense of responsibility and integrating them in turn in order to evaluate incorrect behaviors and spread positive behaviors through communication and media programs. Educational, to avoid traffic accidents (Obakat, 2007). The media also has the ability to influence behavior, opinions and ideas by achieving specific goals (Ahmad, 2017).
The media works to provide the public with facts and information, which leads to the formation of knowledge and perception to form a public opinion on various problems and issues (Fatiha, 2012).
The various media outlets provide and communicate information to individuals and educate them, and contribute effectively to the development of various projects (Shaban, 2017).
It is known that it affects the attitudes of the masses through the programs they provide, which is reflected in both positive and negative human behavior (Shaban, 2019).
Traffic awareness: Traffic awareness targets a person who has comprehensive knowledge of traffic culture from traffic rules, regulations, roads and vehicles, knowledge, awareness and learning come from the accumulation of information and experiences in the individual and from the daily practice of the general life of the individual (Khadour, 2007).
Traffic awareness includes the ability of a person to understand and know aspects related to the traffic aspect, its rules, and the routes of roads and vehicles. Traffic awareness spreads knowledge among all citizens by practicing positive behaviors to adhere to traffic rules and regulations, and correcting their misconceptions by persuading people to provide sound information to achieve safety and public safety (Bayan, 2010).
The importance of traffic awareness is evidenced by preventing traffic accidents, adhering to the etiquette and ethics of driving vehicles and traffic instructions, and obeying general laws.
Traffic awareness is linked to respect for the provisions of the law and its legislation and to refer to it, and it is above all a kind of prevention of traffic accidents, knowledge of signs and regulations, which makes the individual be positive in his behavior and adherence to the traffic system (Hamrani, 2010).
Traffic awareness aims to form cognitive and intellectual trends by providing information and developing positive behaviors that replace negative ones in order to achieve the principle of traffic safety (Tabani, 2012).
It is necessary for awareness to have basics in the social and educational upbringing of the individual, and it must be placed within the media education in educational institutions and schools due to its importance in the formation of the individual's personality and his social responsibility towards the traffic field (Al-Saied, 2008).

PRACTICAL SIDE
1. Demographic data for the sample: It is evident from the results of (Table, 1) describing the sample that the percentage of males is (65.4%) by the number (183) while the percentage of females was (34.6%) with (97) from the sample. The highest percentage of the sample is for the age group (31-40) with a percentage of ( 31.8%), followed by the age group (20-30) at a rate of (29.6%) with (83), and the group (51 and more) got (56) with (20%), and the category (41-50) came with (52). (18.6%). As for the educational level of the sample, it came first in the bachelor's category with (131), at a rate of (46.7%), followed by the preparatory category with (80) and at (28.6%), and the number of those with higher degrees was (30) at a rate of (10.7%) of the sample. The marital status of the sample members is that a married group got (150) at a rate of (53.6%), and the category was unmarried with (80) at a rate of (28.6%), then followed in the ranking by an absolute group with (46) at a rate of (16.4%). 2. Watching satellite channels:  (Table,2) the extent of the sample's viewing of satellite television, and the results indicate that the majority of the sample, with a total of (143) frequencies, (51%), answered they always watched satellite channels, while the total number of (127) frequencies (45.4%) answered that they sometimes watched satellite channels. 3. The extent to which traffic programs are monitored on satellite television:  (Table,3) the extent of the sample's follow-up to TV traffic programs, so the highest percentages of those who answered sometimes followed traffic programs with a total of (141) at a rate of (50.4%), and a total of (118), with a percentage of (42.1%), answered that they always follow the traffic programs in satellite channels.  (Table, 4) the intensity of the sample's viewing of TV traffic programs that the highest percentage of the sample watched from one to two hours, with a total of (146), at a rate of (52.2%), and that a total of (134), or (47.8%), watched traffic programs from one to two hours. 5. Traffic programs provide what meets the public's need for knowledge:   (Table,5) the extent to which traffic programs meet the public's need for knowledge through the topics they provide, as the highest response rate is sometimes a total of (136) with a rate of (48.6%), while a total of (133) responded with a rate of (47.5%) that traffic programs always Provide what meets the needs of the public of knowledge. 6. The media has a major role in spreading traffic awareness:  (Table,6) the level of obtaining information about traffic awareness from television from the viewpoint of the sample, as the highest response rate is always a total of (148) with a rate of (52.9%), while those who answered sometimes total (122) at a rate of (43.6%).  (Table,7) the reasons for the occurrence of traffic accidents that the highest percentage was obtained by the reason (lack of awareness of traffic laws and regulations) with a total of (97), at (34.6%), followed by the reason (indifference and lack of sense of responsibility) with a total of (67) at a rate of (23.9%) The reason (drug use while driving the vehicle) came to a total of (44), at a rate of (15.7%), and the reason (weak enforcement of strict laws on violators) got a total of (42) by (15%), and a total of (21) indicated (7.5%). The reason is (talking on a mobile phone while driving a vehicle) in the occurrence of traffic accidents, and I got the lowest answers (constant traffic congestion on the streets) and (poor traffic control). 8. Methods of spreading awareness and traffic culture:  (Table,8) methods for spreading awareness and traffic culture show that the highest percentage is (adherence to traffic rules and regulations) with a total of (71) at a rate of (25.4%), and the answer (familiarity with traffic signs on the roads) got a total of (54) at a rate of (19.3%) While a total of (48) responded with (17.1%) to (increase traffic awareness among the public through posters and pictures), and a total of (37) indicated (13.2%) on (practicing ethics and road manners and driving vehicles), and the two partners got (follow-up programs Television specializing in traffic) and (developing a sense of social responsibility among community members) on a total of (35), with a percentage of (12.5%).

Causes of exposure to traffic accidents:
9. The role of satellite channels in spreading traffic awareness: It is clear from (Table,9) the arithmetic mean and standard deviation of the role of satellite channels in spreading traffic awareness, as it was found that the phrase (satellite channels contribute to spreading traffic awareness) is the sum of those who agree with it (250) with a ratio of (89.3) and got the arithmetic mean (2.892), which is greater than the value The hypothesis mean (2) and the value of the standard deviation (0.309), and the sum of (228) with a percentage of (81.4) agrees with the phrase (satellite channels provide the largest amount of knowledge about traffic) with the value of the arithmetic mean (2.778) which is greater than the value of the hypothesis (2) and the value of The standard deviation is (0.494), and as for the phrase (poor traffic programs cause a lack of traffic awareness), the total of (226) who answered that they agree with it with a percentage is (80.7) with the value of the arithmetic  (2) and the value of the standard deviation (0.395), and the phrase (most of the information I know about traffic laws was from traffic programs) got a total of (219) neutral with it with a ratio of (78.2) with the value of the arithmetic mean (2.782) which is greater than the value of the hypothesis (2) and the value of the standard deviation ( 0.413), and the total of (226) corresponds to (80.7) with the phrase (taking the advice provided by traffic programs A civilized awareness) of the value of the arithmetic mean (2.796), which is greater than the value of the hypothetical mean (2) and the value of the standard deviation (0.429), and the sum of (235) of (83.9%) indicated that they agree with the phrase (compliance with traffic instructions reduces accidents) with the value of the arithmetic mean (2.839) which is greater than the value of the hypothetical mean (2) and the value of the standard deviation (0.367), and the total of (244) at a rate of (87.1%) agrees with the phrase (traffic accidents cause social and material losses to people and society) with the value of the arithmetic mean (2.871), which is greater From the value of the hypothesis mean (2) and the value of the standard deviation (0.335), and the total of (182) at (65%) agrees with the phrase (providing firm security measures that regulate traffic issues) with the value of the arithmetic mean (2.650) which is greater than the value of the hypothesis (2) The value of the standard deviation is (0.477), and the sum of (228) indicates (81.4%) who do not agree with the phrase (TV programs limit traffic accidents) with the value of the arithmetic mean (2.635) which is greater than the value of the hypothesis (2) and the value of the standard deviation (0.768) While the total of (162), by (57.9%), agrees with the statement (Do not rely on obtaining controls and traffic information from the media) in the mean value The arithmetic (2.307) is greater than the hypothetical mean value (2) and the standard deviation value (0.870).

Hypothesis test
The first hypothesis: There are differences in the demographic characteristics of the sample towards watching TV traffic programs  (Table, 10) that the value of the chi parameter test (54,212) with significance level (0.000) is smaller than the level of significance (0.05), which indicates proof of the hypothesis and that the demographic characteristics of the sample formed significant differences towards following TV traffic programs. The existence of a statistically significant correlation relationship between the extent of the sample's follow-up to traffic programs and the extent to which satellite channels spread traffic awareness among individuals.
The second hypothesis: There is a significant correlation between the extent of the sample's follow-up to traffic programs and the level of obtaining traffic awareness information from television Table (